Spine Conditions

The anatomy of the spine

The spine, or vertebral column, is a highly specialized structure that supports the body’s framework while allowing a wide range of motion. Acting as the body’s central support pillar, it enables us to maintain an upright posture, bend forward, extend backward, and rotate. It is formed by 33 stacked bones known as vertebrae, arranged into five distinct sections: the cervical spine with 7 vertebrae, the thoracic spine with 12 vertebrae, the lumbar spine with 5 vertebrae, the sacrum composed of 5 fused vertebrae, and the coccyx made up of 4 fused vertebrae.

Separating most of these vertebrae are intervertebral discs, which have a soft, gel-like center surrounded by a tough, fibrous ring. These discs cushion the bones, absorb shock from daily activities, and contribute to spinal flexibility. Strong ligaments and muscles attach to the vertebrae, providing both stability and movement. Running through the hollow center of the vertebrae is the spinal cord, a crucial part of the central nervous system that relays signals between the brain and the rest of the body. Nerve roots branch out from the spinal cord through spaces between the vertebrae, connecting to muscles, organs, and other tissues. Any injury, degeneration, or abnormality in this intricate system can affect mobility, nerve function, and overall health.

Schedule a consultation

If you or a loved one is experiencing back or leg pain, contact Chicago spine surgeon Matthew Colman, MD at Northwestern Medicine. Dr. Colman can evaluate your condition, provide a precise diagnosis, and recommend the most appropriate minimally invasive treatment options for your needs.